1) Explain how momentum works, specifically how increased mass makes something harder to start and stop moving.
Momentum is a mass in motion. Meaning that every moving object (all object have mass), would have its own momentum.
2) Explain how impulse works in a physics sense.
a moving object, can have a change in momentum, which is called impulse. This happens when the object is acted upon a force.
3) Explain how if the ∆T in impulse changes it can have a cushioning effect.
As the ∆T increases, the collision would be softer and slower because there's a time between the object before actually in a collision
4) According to Newton's 2nd law, why does force increase if something is in a free fall?
Newton's second law refers to the net force acting on an object. As gravity pulls objects straight down, object is in a free fall. The object accelerates as it falls because gravity acts as an unbalanced force and causes the object to accelerate.